- 
        Which of the following mechanisms is primarily involved in the development of atherosclerosis?
 A) Hyperglycemia
 B) Chronic inflammation
 C) Dehydration
 D) Hyperkalemia
 
- 
        Which organ system is primarily affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
 A) Digestive system
 B) Respiratory system
 C) Nervous system
 D) Endocrine system
 
- 
        What is a common diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus?
 A) Low blood pressure
 B) Hyperglycemia
 C) Hypokalemia
 D) Hypocalcemia
 
- 
        Which symptom is most commonly associated with myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
 A) Severe chest pain
 B) Blurred vision
 C) Frequent urination
 D) Joint pain
 
- 
        Which condition is characterized by the loss of bone density, increasing the risk of fractures?
 A) Osteoporosis
 B) Osteoarthritis
 C) Rheumatoid arthritis
 D) Scoliosis
 
 
				